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'''Duration of Period:''' 45 min    _______________________    '''No of Student:''' 12
'''Duration of Period:''' 45 min    _______________________    '''No of Student:''' 12


'''Topic:''' Database Fundamentals
'''Topic:''' The Role of Operating Systems


==Instructional Objectives==
== Instructional Objectives ==
At the end of this lesson student will be able to  
At the end of this lesson student will be able to
# Define what a database is and why it is essential.
# Discuss the components of a database: tables, records, fields.


==Introduction==
- Students will understand the role and importance of operating systems in computer systems.
    - Welcome and engage students with a brief discussion on the importance of data management.
    - Discuss real-world examples where databases play a crucial role (e.g., online shopping, social media, healthcare).


==Instructional Materials==
== <big>Instructional Materials</big> ==
     - Whiteboard and markers
     - Whiteboard and markers
     - Projector and computer for presentations             
     - Projector and computer for presentations             
     - Digital diagrams of various DBMS                 
     - Digital diagrams of various DBMS                 


==Previous Knowledge Testing==
== Introduction (5 minutes): ==
     - ask students what they think "Data management and storage" means.  
     - Begin the lesson by asking students what they think an operating system is and what it does. Write down their responses on the board.
    - Asking some questions like:
  a) What is Database ?
  b) How do you store data?
==Teaching Learning Activities==
                    Teaching Points.                       Teacher Activities


                    -Database                              - Define database & its importance.
==Definition of Operating System (10 minutes):==
  - Explain to the students that an operating system is a software that acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the  user.                                                                                                                                                  It manages computer hardware resources and provides services for computer programs.            
 


                    -Components of database                  - Discuss the components of a database: tables, records, fields.
  - Discuss the main functions of an operating system, such as managing memory, handling input and output, controlling peripheral devices, and providing a user interface.


==Group Activity:==
== Types of Operating Systems (10 minutes): ==
  - Divide the students into small groups                                                                                                                      - Provide each group with a scenario (e.g., managing a library inventory or student records).                                                - Instruct groups to discuss and design a database schema for their assigned scenario.                                                       - Each group presents their schema to the class, explaining the reasoning behind their design choices.
  Introduce different types of operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, and mobile operating systems like Android and iOS. Discuss the differences between them and their specific uses.


==Conclusion==
== Role of Operating Systems (15 minutes): ==
  Summarize key points about the lesson
Explain in detail the role of operating systems in managing computer resources, providing a user interface, running applications, and ensuring system security. Use examples to illustrate these concepts.


==Assessment==
== Activity (5 minutes): ==
  Students will be assessed based on their group presentations, participation in class discussion.
Divide the students into small groups and provide them with handouts containing scenarios related to operating systems. Ask them to discuss how an operating system would handle each scenario.
 
== Conclusion (5 minutes): ==
Summarize the key points about the role of operating systems and their significance in computer systems. Encourage students to ask questions or share their thoughts on the topic.
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